![]() Recipients of OWS funding also have clear commitments: to the USA. CEPI funding carries commitments to ensure global access and affordable cost. ![]() 3, 4 OWS is the largest of the global efforts for development of COVID-19 vaccines by comparison, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) invested $1♴ billion in support of the development of COVID-19 vaccines. OWS has invested an estimated US$18 billion mostly in the late-stage clinical development and early manufacturing of COVID-19 vaccines and has agreements in place to buy 455 million doses. 1 Nine announcements of safety and efficacy have been made, ranging from 50% to 95% efficacy, 2 several vaccines have been granted emergency approval, and vaccines from Pfizer, AstraZeneca, and Moderna have received recommendations from the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts in Immunization. An important question is: how will these Operation Warp Speed vaccines be used for COVID-19 prevention in global health settings? We address some key questions that arise in the transition from US to global vaccine prevention efforts and from ethical and logistical issues to those that are relevant to global vaccine security, justice, equity, and diplomacy.Īt the end of January, 2021, 16 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates around the world were in phase 3 clinical trials, with five of these vaccines funded by a US programme called Operation Warp Speed (OWS). Depending on safety and efficacy, vaccines can become available through mechanisms for emergency use, expanded access with informed consent, or full licensure. The US programme known as Operation Warp Speed provided US$18 billion in funding for development of vaccines that were intended for US populations. Several global efforts are underway to develop COVID-19 vaccines, and interim analyses from phase 3 clinical testing have been announced by nine organisations: Pfizer, the Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moderna, AstraZeneca, Sinopharm Group, Sinovac Biotech, Johnson & Johnson, Novavax, and CanSino Biologics.
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